Superpermutation Almanac
Proved at least
153
Shortest known
153
Gap
0

The record is W-0004, found by Daniel A. Ashlock and Jenett Tillotson in 1993.

Every verified word

WordLengthFound byDateShorter than the record beforeRepeatsOther windows
W-0007tie 153 Ben Chaffin Aug 13, 2014 ties W-0004 0 29
W-0004 153 Daniel A. Ashlock and Jenett Tillotson 1993 — 0 29

Bounds at n = 5

Upper bounds
154Egan's bound, Greg Egan, 2018Paper
153W-0004, the shortest known word, Daniel A. Ashlock and Jenett Tillotson, 1993Checked word
0gap
Lower bounds
153Raudvere's bound, Uku Raudvere, 2026Lean, kernel-checked
153Kisic's bound, Marin Kisic and Jakub Halfar, 2026Lean, kernel-checked
153The Hunter–Raudvere bound, Zach Hunter and Uku Raudvere, 2026Lean, statement reviewed
153Liu's bound, Xiaolong Liu, 2026Lean, statement reviewed
153Exhaustive search, Ben Chaffin, 2014Computer check
1534chan + 1, Robin Houston, 2018Lean proof
152The 4chan bound, Anonymous 4chan poster, Robin Houston, Jay Pantone jaypantone and Vince Vatter, 2011Paper

All bounds, with their formulas