Superpermutation Almanac

n = 9

W-0017

A superpermutation on 9 symbols, found by William Echols. It beat the previous record, W-0012, by 1 letter, and was the record for n = 9 from Jul 26 until Sep 29, 2026, when W-0029 was 229 letters shorter.

Length
408,965
Repeated occurrences
0
Announced
Jul 26, 2026
Begins 012345678012345670812345670182345670128345670123845670123485670123458670123456870123456078123456071823456071283456071238…

Windows

408,957windows of 9 consecutive letters
=362,880distinct permutations, all 9! of them
+0repeated occurrences of a permutation
+46,077windows that are not permutations

How it was found

Found in a session with GPT-5.6 in Codex; Echols later wrote that it came from lifting Raudvere's n = 8 word.

Checking

ProgramSourceResultTime
permcheckc46d3654all 362,880 permutations appearunder 1 s
literal_checkf4687121agrees on coverageunder 1 s
SHA-2562fa9f39b459c4edbd28485ea235e0c0d77edcbe2d961b4790a33ddf29bcebb2b Compilerg++ (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0

Download

Download Detour (.detour) 836 bytes, or 409.0 kB decoded

Download text (.txt) 409.0 kB

Decode to text

# check it yourself
detour decode W-0017.detour - | tr -d '\n' | shasum -a 256
tar xzf checkers-rs-source.tar.gz && cd checkers-rs && cargo build --release --locked
./target/release/classcheck 9 ../W-0017.detour 408965
./target/release/bitmapcheck 9 ../W-0017.detour 408965
./target/release/wordhash 9 ../W-0017.detour 408965

Decoding needs detour; see the Detour format for how to build and install it. The checkers are in checkers-rs-source.tar.gz, which needs Rust 1.89 or later; each one decodes the file itself, so the word is never written out.

The file's header gives n = 9 and sync exponent 0. The file has 46,031 tokens: 1 START, 1 literal of 1 byte in all, and 46,029 deviations. Deviations by weight, from 1 to 9: 0 · 46,025 · 4 · 0 · 0 · 0 · 0 · 0 · 0.