Superpermutation Almanac

n = 3

W-0002

A superpermutation on 3 symbols, found by Daniel A. Ashlock and Jenett Tillotson. It was the first record for n = 3, and is still the record.

Length
9
Repeated occurrences
0
Announced
1993
Word 012010210

Windows

7windows of 3 consecutive letters
=6distinct permutations, all 3! of them
+0repeated occurrences of a permutation
+1windows that are not permutations

How it was found

The word 123121321 from the recursive construction; it is the unique shortest superpermutation on 3 symbols up to relabelling.

Checking

ProgramSourceResultTime
permcheckc46d3654all 6 permutations appearunder 1 s
literal_checkf4687121agrees on coverageunder 1 s
SHA-25683da0619b095e21978b5b08d10c16b1bdddc652812d0411dbf706baf833ee290 Compilerg++ (Debian 14.2.0-19) 14.2.0

Download

Download Detour (.detour) 120 bytes, or 9 bytes decoded

Download text (.txt) 9 bytes

Decode to text

# check it yourself
detour decode W-0002.detour - | tr -d '\n' | shasum -a 256
tar xzf checkers-rs-source.tar.gz && cd checkers-rs && cargo build --release --locked
./target/release/classcheck 3 ../W-0002.detour 9
./target/release/bitmapcheck 3 ../W-0002.detour 9
./target/release/wordhash 3 ../W-0002.detour 9

Decoding needs detour; see the Detour format for how to build and install it. The checkers are in checkers-rs-source.tar.gz, which needs Rust 1.89 or later; each one decodes the file itself, so the word is never written out.

The file's header gives n = 3 and sync exponent 0. The file has 2 tokens: 1 START, 1 literal of 1 byte in all, and 0 deviations. Deviations by weight, from 1 to 3: 0 · 0 · 0.